Mitigating Dairy Farm Fire Risks: Protecting Livestock and Property

Mitigating Dairy Farm Fire Risks: Protecting Livestock and Property

The recent catastrophic explosion and subsequent fire at a Texas-based dairy operation has starkly highlighted the urgent necessity for comprehensive fire prevention measures across all dairy facilities. Here are 8 ways to mitigate the risk.

By Leif Erickson

Dairy operations pose substantial property risks due to a convergence of ignition sources and combustible materials. Heaters, coolers, electrical fixtures and milking machinery stand alongside hay, animal feed, bedding, methane, oils and fuels — creating a potentially explosive mix.

In light of a recent disastrous incident – the largest barn fire in Texas history – where 18,000 dairy cattle were lost, buildings razed, and a farmhand injured, the imperative of robust fire prevention measures becomes evident.

A grave Texas tragedy

In April 2023, a Texas dairy farm suffered an unprecedented catastrophe, marked by a violent explosion of manure equipment and subsequent inferno. This calamity, which consumed not only a record number of livestock but also crucial infrastructure and machinery, underscores the critical need for fire prevention protocols across all dairy operations; particularly in Wisconsin, second only to California in milk production and where close to 25% of all dairy farms are located.

As it becomes more common for Wisconsin dairies to merge operations, farms are getting larger and therefore, more cows may be at risk. Staying proactive when it comes to fire mitigation will ensure a blaze isn’t the cause for another closure.

8 ways to address dairy fire mitigation

Wisconsin dairy operators focused on reducing their vulnerability to fire-related hazards should implement the following preventative measures.

1. Fire safety planning. Creating and implementing a comprehensive Fire Safety Plan is pivotal. This strategy encompasses fire prevention measures and outlines responses in case of fire incidents.

2. Good housekeeping. Upholding stringent hygiene standards – which includes maintaining a no smoking rule in the barn – is indispensable at a dairy farm. A minimum distance of 3-ft. should separate combustibles like bedding, hay and any clutter from electrical systems. Strategic storage locations for both flammable materials and motorized equipment, apart from livestock areas, must be designated, as materials such as straw and oil can fuel fires easily. Regular sweeping and removal of hazardous materials, weeds, dust and debris is critical, as is routinely cleaning fans, grain augers and other motors with compressed air.

3. Inspection of fire stops. Regular inspection and upkeep of farm fire walls, fire separations and attic fire stops is imperative. They are the first line of defense in the event a fire does occur. In addition, maintaining accessible driveways year-round for first responders is crucial.

4. Cautious hot work practices. Hot work operations, such as gas or electric welding, cutting, brazing, or similar flame or spark-producing activities, must align with approved safety plans to avert hazards.

5. Guarding electrical systems and equipment. The permanent electrical systems in livestock barns are vulnerable due to corrosive gases from animals and manure. Adequate ventilation is crucial to prevent combustible gas buildup, and maintaining the right equipment for the job – including machinery that can withstand humid and corrosive conditions – should be deployed. Regular maintenance of wiring, grounding of machinery and utilization of dust and moisture-resistant fixtures is paramount. Collaborating with certified electrical infrared inspection firms to identify and rectify electrical anomalies is recommended.

6. Prudent electrical equipment usage. The use of temporary electrical equipment, especially extension cords prone to damage, should be limited. Ensure that outlets are not overloaded and have enough airflow.

7. Proper heater management. In barns with under-barn manure storage, heaters should not be utilized unless proper ventilation curbs the accumulation of manure gases. Installation of gas and propane-fired heating devices should adhere to manufacturer instructions and fire protection codes.

8. Risk assessments. Engaging in regular risk reduction assessments with insurance and fire department inspectors bolsters preparedness. It’s a good idea to reassess your risk when operations change, new equipment is purchased, or a similar event occurs.

Prevention now, protection later

Safeguarding a dairy operation against the menacing threat of fires demands a multifaceted commitment. By heeding the lessons of past disasters and embracing proactive measures, Wisconsin dairy farmers can not only protect their valuable livestock and infrastructure, but also foster a culture of safety.

The Texas tragedy serves as a solemn reminder that fire prevention is not a mere choice, but a responsibility that ensures the well-being of both animals and those who tend to them. Through collaboration, education and the resolute implementation of best practices, dairy farms can stand resilient against the fiery odds and continue to thrive in a secure environment.

About the author

As a Farm & Agribusiness leader at global insurance brokerage HUB International, Leif Erickson works directly with farm and business owners to help structure insurance solutions and risk management programs to protect their operations and mitigate their exposure to potential risks.  Leif was born and raised on a small dairy farm in the Blanchardville, WI area and has a true passion for helping farmers.  This background has helped Leif develop programs specific to farming and agriculture, including an exclusive Environmental Liability program.